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(NoModeL) 5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

R. B. LITTLE.

GOAL ELEVATOR AND GONVEYER.

Patented Oct. '23, 1883,.

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R. B. LITTLE. GOAL ELEVATOR AND GONVEYER;

Patented Ocvt; 2.3, 1883.

fittest fwuentor N. PETERS. PllolwLdlwgmphon Washmgmn. D. c.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet; 3.

-R. B. LITTLE.

' GOAL ELEVATOR AND GONVEYER.

No. 287,140. Patented Oct. 23,1883.

dszwess v PLTERS. Phnlu-Lrlhcg-aphor. Washmglmhl). c.

(No Model.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 4. R. B. LITTLE.

GOAL ELEVATOR AND UONVEYER. No. 287,140.

Patented 0013. 2 3, 1883.

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l t i m 17 5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

(No Model.)

B B. LITTLE.

GOAL ELEVATOR AND GONVLYER.

Patented Oct. 23, 1883..

U ITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT E. LITTLE, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.

C OAL ELEVATOR AND CONVE'YER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 287,140, dated October23, 1883.

Application filed April 19, 1883. (N0 modem To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT 13. LITTLE, of the city and county ofProvidence, in the State of Rhode Island, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Coal Elevators and Conveyers; and I do herebydeclare that the following specification, taken in connection with thedrawings furnished and forming a part of the same, is a clear, true, andcomplete description of my invention.

The main objects of my improvements are to economically and quicklyunload coal from vessels lying at dock, and to deposit it at points moreor less remote from a vessel with great rapidity and with minimumliability of impairing the value of the coal by breakage.

Although said improvements are of value for use in local trade, theirprime value will be realized in connection with coal docks especiallyorganized with reference to the transfer of cargoes of coal to othervessels or to railroad cars, whether directly or by means ofintermediate bins or pockets.

Coal handling apparatus under various names, and varied in constructionand operation, has heretofore been devised by myself and-others; butIhave now so devised and organized apparatus for that purpose as toenable, at a less cost tha'nhas, as I believe, heretofore been possible,the lifting of coal from a vessel conveying it at will to any desiredpoint, and lowering and depositing it without any liability of injurythereto from breakage. Heretofore stationary swinging cranes of variouskinds have been employed which could raise coal from avessels hold andconvey and deposit it, by the (lumping of a bucket, at any desired pointlimited to the area trav-- ersed by the arm of the crane. Elevatedinclined and also level tramways, with steam windlasses, draft-chains,buckets, and buckettrucks, have also heretofore been employed in variousorganizations for hoisting and convey- -ing coal to a fixed point ofdelivery, the coal way of a vessel to the point of deposit by the thesteam-Windlass, which is stationary,-should have beneath his eye, forconstant observation, the entire field of operations from thehatchapparatus. With such apparatus its place of discharge is alwaysfixed and predetermined, and when it is desirable to varythe point offinal deposit, a stopping device mustbe changed in position; or variablechutes have been employed for diverting the falling coals in variousdirections from the fixed point of discharge at which the coal 'isreleased from the buckets employed in connection with such hoisting andconveying apparatus. Elevated tramways with endless traction cables orchains have also been employed in combination with trucks garryinghoisting mechanism, the whole being so organized that said cable propelsthe truck and also operates the hoisting devices but with such apparatusseparate trucks cannot be in dependently and simultaneously operated onthe same tramway by the endless cable, and the safety of the entireapparatus depends upon the proper operation of a second endless handcable, by which the movements of the main cable are reversed, and with atramway of considerable length it is obvious that the slack necessarilyincident to both cables cannot be conducive to that prompt and accuratehandling of the trucks which I seek to obtain.

With apparatus embodying the main fea tures of my invention there ispractically no limit to the range within which the coal,after beinghoisted,can be conveyed and deposited, the coal need never be exposed tobreakage by falling, no variations in adjustment of the hoisting,conveying, and dumping apparatus are requisite, and the operator incharge has at all ,times the entire working oractive por-' tions of theapparatus directly under his eye and completely within his control. Inmy present apparatus I have, as I believe, for the first time combinedwith an elevated tramway arranged to overhang a floating vessel to beunloaded or loaded, as the case may be, a truck mounted on said tramway,and propelling, hoisting, and lowering mechanism operated by steam froma boiler mounted on said truck, whereby buckets of coal may be hoistedfrom beneath any portion of the tramway, conveyed to any other portionthereof, and lowered and discharged beneath it. For obtaining the mosteconomic results I have specially devised some particular portions of myapparatus, and after fully describing the main features of my invention,and also certain devices and modifications of portions of saidapparatus, the several features deemed novel will be specified in theseveral claims hereunto annexed.

Referring to the five sheets of drawings,Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a sideelevation of acoal elevating and conveying apparatus embodying myinvention as arranged for unloading a coalbarge lying at a dock. Fig. 2Sheet 2, is an end View of the upper portion of said apparatus. Fig. 3,Sheet 2, is a modification of the elevated tramway in plan, arranged forthe successive operation of two or more trucks in hoisting from onehatchway or one pile of coal. Figs. 4 and 5, Sheet 3, are, respectively,side elevations and plan views of one form of hoisting and conveyingtruck devised by me for the purposes indicated. Figs. 6 and 7, Sheet 4,are similar views of a hoisting and conveying truck of differentconstruction, devised by me as a substitute for the truck shown in Figs.4 and 5. Figs. 8 to 11, inclusive, Sheet 5, are views of a sectionalcoal-bucket devised by me, respectively in sideview closed, top Viewopen, side view open, and in partial central vertical section. Saidbucket forms the subject of a separate application for Letters Pat ent,and is not herein claimed.

With reference to the elevated tramway A, it will be obvious that itwill necessarily be varied somewhat in its construction and ar-'rangement, according to the particular service desiredand the characterof the dock premises upon which it' is employed. It is, however, to beunderstood that the overhanging terminus A in some suitable form is anessential feature of said tramway. As shown in Fig. 1, it is arrangedrectangularly to the front line of a dock, B, so that its terminus Aextends beyond or overhangs the front of the dock, so as to overlie abarge or other vessel, B. To provide for the docking of a vessel havingmasts or smoke-stacks, the terminus A is arranged so that it can beswung shoreward to allow the vessel to take position at the dock andthereafter to be again projected for service. It is not new to providefor a similar displacement of outrigged frame-work for use in hoistingcoal, &c.; but I know of nogprior horizontal tramway having its terminusthus arranged sothat a hoisting-truck can operate above a vesselshatchway. As here shown, the overhanging terminus A is provided withstop-blocks or bulk-heads a, for limiting the outward movement of atruck on the tramway. The rails and bed-timbers b are firmly secured toand supported by heavy vertical and inclined steps or brace-timbers b,all of which at their lower ends are pivoted upon a heavy rod, b on ornear the cap-log of the dock.

The main tramway at its connection with the movable terminus has railsand bed-timbers c, which are hinged by vertical pivots at their rearends at c to the adjacent ends of fixed railsand bed-timbers of thetramway, and at -d, on each side of the tramway, there are looking-boltswhich firmly connect the terminus and the rails and bed-timbers c. Asthus constructed, it will be seen that by unlocking the bolts at d andswinging the outer ends of rails and bed-timbers c with the underlyingbracetimber outwardly or laterally, the entire terminus can then beswung shoreward, as indicated in dotted lines. When forward in positionfor service, the movable terminus is held against undue outward movementby the keyed bolts d, and also by its chains d, one on each side,secured at one end to the trestletimbers which support the elevatedtramway; but any other suitable confining or looking devices may beemployed. A light iron roof is provided for housing the tramway,preferably provided with hooded openings at short intervals, or with acontinuous longitudinal opening similarly hooded.

Beneath the tramway, and generally throughout its length, are numerousseparate large bins or pockets, 0, into'which coal is deposited, and fordischarging their contents into cars or carts, they are usually wellelevated and provided with chutes and gates for discharging theircontents.

When the tramways are constructed for use with hoisting and conveyingtrucks of such construction as is illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 6, and 7,the tramway should have its crossbraces, serving after the manner ofties to the rail-bed beams, considerably below the latter; but withtrucks as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, said ties or braces may belocated directly beneath the rail-bed beams, or they may be interposedbetween the rails and the bed-beams in the fixed portions of thetramway.

It will be understood that my trucks carry the coal in hoisting-bucketsalong the tramway, and I am therefore enabled for the first time toweigh coal in the bucket during its transit from the vessel to its binor other place of deposit, and this I accomplish by mounting a sectionof the elevated tramway upon a trestle having its base upon the platformof suitable scales located at the surface of the ground, and it isobvious that said trestle need in no way obstruct the surface-entranceto the platform from the ground, thus enabling the scales to also servefor weighing carts and their contents, or even loaded rail-cars, if thesaid platform be provided in the usual man- Ito 7 positely-locatedbuffers k k.

top of the truck, near one end thereof, and each is provided with aseriesof grooved sheaves, h, these 'being arranged in pairs for a thereception of the hoisting chain or knew ZLDdlt-S other end secured tothe head-block g or to the cross-head of the piston of its particularcylinder, after traversing the several sheaves or pulleys in a mannerwell known, and as indicated in the drawings. It is well known that withthis system of applying powerfor hoisting, the distance traveled by thepiston in each cylinder can be multiplied to any reasonable extent atthe hoisting end of the line, and as the height of the hoist on acoal-dock need seldom be greater than, say, thirty feet, good resultswill be obtained by cylinders which permit their pistons to travel fivefeet, in proportion as one is to six. Under most circumstances theweight of the unloaded bucket will be suficient to overcome the frictionof the pulleys and pistons; but

steam may also be employed on the lowering side of the piston, if needbe, for accelerating the lowering movement. 7

It will be understood that the small steamcylinders e serve to work thelines 2'. by which automatic buckets are operatedas, for instance,assuming the buckets to be empty and about to be lowered, bot-hcylinders in one or more pairs are permitted to exhaust the steamcontained therein until each bucket has nearly reached the surface ofthe coal in the vesselshold, whereupon in each case the steam from thesmall cylinder is checked, thus causing a brief holding back of the linei, whereupon both lines then move downward together. and the bucket,being then wide open, reaches and rests upon the mass of coal. Whensteam is next admitted .into the large cylinder, the hoisting-line tcauses the bucket to close and fill itself with coal, and then the smallcylin- Y der takes its steam for taking up the slack 0f line'i, at thesame rate of speed, until the bucket has been elevated slightly abovethe level of the tramway-rails, as indicated in Fig. 4., at which pointit is confined against undue swaying to and fro by contact with op- Thebuffers 76 are each mounted on a yielding stem, and are backed up by anexpansive spiral spring; but the buifer k serves for both buckets, itbeing a slightly-yielding pendent bar, of wood, and having at its lowerend two concave faces, so that each bucket will be held, when fullyhoisted, between one face of said bar and one spring-buffer. \Vhen eachtrestle is arranged for one bucket only, two spring-stem buffers k arepreferably employed, although it is obvious that the pendent bar is,being laterally yielding at its lower end, performs the service of aspring-buffer with reference to either of the buckets and. as aninterposed abutment It will be readily seen that any of the wellknownsectional and automatically opened and closed buckets requiring thehoisting and the discharging or opening lines can thus be operated. Itwill also be readily seen that if ordinary buckets are used only thelarge cylinders will. be required. The pressure of steam,

withinthe large cylinders can be maintained for holding the bucketduring its transit, or

any suitable clamping device may be applied to the hoisting-line, or alocking device can be applied to the rear ends of the piston-rods, whichextend through the rear heads of the cylinders. It is important,however, that if such a clamping or locking device be used it be equallyaccessible for operation by the e11- gineer, as are the rods by whichthe cylinder valves or cocks are worked.

The truck having, as described, hoisted its lead of, say, four bucketseach readily carrying a ton of coal, is ready for conveying it to anypoint on the elevated tramway. Various forms of propelling mechanism canobviously be appliedas, for instance, a cable secured at opposite endsof the tramway.- If wound around a pulley on the truck, said pulley,when rotated, as by a small steam-engine, will cause the truck to movealong the tramway in a manner well known. shown in Figs. 4 and 5 thetruck provided with a pair of driving-wheels, Z, gearing Z, and clutch,of a well-known type, and asmall steam-engine, Z, for driving the truck,the double gearing and clutch enabling the truck to be driven in eitherdirection. For checking the speed of the truck and stopping it, ordinarybreaking mechanism may be employe in the usual manner.

As seen in Fig. 5, the steam-valves or cocks I have, however,

e of the several cylinders are provided with rods Z, which extend to theopposite end of the truck, so that the operator can, while occupying aposition above either pair of the buckets, properly work any of thevalves of the two sets of cylinders which are connected with saidbuckets. The propelling-engine Z is also conveniently accessible, thusrendering it unnecessary for the engineer or operator to at any timeneglect the supervision of the buckets, if the boiler and its fire beattended by a fireman stationed at the opposite end of the truck.

The hoisting and conveying truck D shown in Figs. 6 and 7 embodieswinches or windlasses, which, separately considered, are similar toothers heretofore used for ordinary hoisting service. Although thistruck has no elevated frame, as previously described, it is obvious thatsuch a frame can be mounted thereon, the lines, ropes, or chains in thatcase being carriedfrom the windlasses over pulleys or sheaves suspendedfrom the top of said frame. Having no elevated frame, this truck carriesits buckets suspended considerably below the level of the tramway, andto prevent undue swaying of the buckets, when thus suspended, buffersmay be used, as before d'enately operate at the same terminus, I providean additional elevated tramway or side track, as illustrated in Fig. 3,provided with suitable switches in a manner well known, whereby saidtrucks may pass each other, and also whereby a truck may discharge itsbuckets from the side track into carts or cars, a track or roadway beingprovided beneath said side track' which in that case would extendoutside of the range of bins or pockets beneath the main tramway. Theemployment of such a side track and switches obviously requires a truckcapable of hoisting the buckets above the level of the tracks, asillustrated in Figs. 4 and 5.

I have illustrated'two distinct forms or varieties of hoisting andconveying trucks for' of operation without departure from certainfeatures of my invention, as it is only necessary that they shallcarrythei r own propelling power and hoisting mechanism, adapted tohoist and lower one'or more coal-buckets, and to carry them from pointto point on the tramway. WVhen the buckets are of the ordinary or simpletypes, ordinary steam-windlasses, with well known braking andcontrolling mechanism, need only be employed; but when the automatic orself-filling buckets of the sectional or clam-shell variety are used,extra windlasses or equivalent mechanism becomes necessary for closingand opening said buckets for loading and discharging. The trucks shownare each adapted to -work four buckets of theautomatic class, and aseach of the latter can readily be relied upon for handling a ton ofcoal, the trucks at each trip can carry about four tons, first hoistingthe coal from a hatchway, and then, after due conveyance, lowering itand discharging it into a pocket or car without breakage or undueabrasion, or other injury thereto. Said trucks, as shown,

are provided also with steam-propelling mech:

known propelling mechanism other than'that illustrated may be employedwithout departure from certain features of my invention.

Apparatus employed in excavating for sew: ers and line-cuts hasheretofore embodied a movable platform having elevated rails sup.-porting a rail-truck thereon, and a steam hoisting truck mounted uponsaid rail-truck, and provided with hoisting-Windlass and bucket, so thatearth could be lifted from a sewerexcavationfor instance, by a bucketand carried on the rail-truck by the hoisting-bucket in a straight lineto the length of the rail-truck, for filling in where the sewer wascompleted; or said earth could be, carried laterally from the line ofexcavation by the rail -truck moving sidewise 011 the elevated rails ofthe movable platform, and carrying bodily both the hoisting-truck andthe bucket. Said prior apparatus had,

however, no overhanging terminus upon which the hoisting-truck could belocated for hoisting from a vessels hold, and said hoisting-truck waslimited in its movements on its rails to the length of the rail-truck onwhich said hoisting-truck was mounted, and said rail-truck was alsolimited inlength to the length of the movable platform, which supportedthe rectangularly-arranged rails upon which the rail-truck itself wasmounted, thus obviously rendering said apparatus incapable of performingthe service for which my appa- .ratus is intended. In said priorexcavating apparatus the hoisting-truck was self-propelling on therail-truck, and it also propelled the rail-truck sidewise; but itscapacity for movement on the rail-truck was limited in one direction tothe length of a splined shaft carried by the rail-truck, and in theother direction it was limited to the width of the movable platform; andit is to be understood, therefore, that I do not broadly claim thecombination of an elevated tramway and a self-propelling hoisting-truck.\Vith my stationary elevated tramway, having the overhanging terminus,said prior hoisting-truck might be employed with fair results, and atone or more points in my tramway rail-trucks and rails at right anglesto my tramway, asin said prior excavating apparatus for supporting saidrail-truck, could be used to good advan tage for laterally transportinga loaded truck bodily from one stationary tramway to another, withoutdeparture from my invention. I-have, however, devised hoisting-truckswhich are specially suited for my purpose.

The hoisting and conveying truck D, illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, isbelieved to involve many novel features, although it operates uponwell-known principles heretofore applied to stationary elevating andhoisting apparatus as used in buildings, hotels, &c. A complete detaileddescription of the operating mechanism is deemed unnecessary for thepurposes of this specification, it being my intention to make the samethe subject ofa separate application for Letters Patent, to be hereafterfiled by me. It is to be understood, however, that this truck isprovided with a steam-boiler and with hoisting mechanism, by which fourbuckets, E, can be worked, and that for each bucket a largesteam-cylinder, e, and a smaller one, are employed. Each of thesecylinders contains a piston and piston-rod, and they are each, near theends thereof, provided with steam and exhaust valves or cocks 6',whereby steam is admitted for forcing the pistons rearward for hoisting,and exhausted for. permitting said pistons to move forward for lowering.Each piston-rod at its front end carries a cross-head, f, in whichnumerous grooved sheaves or pulleys are loosely mounted, and in suitablestandards or stationary head-blocks, other similar sheaves or pulleysare loosely mounted. A pair of vertical scaffolds or frames, h, aremounted on IIO scribed; but in this case the frames or braces supportingthe buffers would necessarily project downwardly from the truck andtoward each other. l

Four pairs of drums are shown, and each pair includes a drum, on, forthe main or hoisting line, and a. drum, m, for the dischargingline, ifan automatic bucket be employed. The drums are loosely mounted on theirrespective shafts or axles, but are provided with clutches operated bylevers, m by which the drums may be rotatively connected with saidshafts in a manner well known. Each drumshaft has a gear, a, keyedthereto, which meshes with a gear, 0?, on one of the two crankshafts a,each of which is coupled to and driven by one of the engines of.The'clutchlevers m have hand-rods m extending toward the boiler, so thateither or all of them may be conveniently accessible to the engineer oroperator, while occupying a position favorable to the overlooking of allthe drums and the buckets. The usual pawlsand ratch ets, m, are alsoemployed for enabling the hoisting-drums m to hold their load whenunclutched from their axles.

It will be assumed that the truck is at an overhanging terminus of thetramway, and that the steam-engines are at rest, and that all thebuckets are empty and ready to be lowered. Either or all of the fourpairs of' drums are then released, permitting the buckets to drop untilat the proper-point, when either or all of the drums m are checked bythe usual brakes, whereupon the buckets are opened, and then permittedto descend upon the coal. The cylinders or engines are then started, thehoistingdrums m clutched or connected to their axles, followed byclutching the drums m to their axles until the hoisting is accomplished,whereupon the two drums are un- ,clutched, the hoisting-drums havingbeen meanwhile properly locked by their ratchets and pawls.

The truck is propelled by the same steamengines. It will be seen thatthe truck has a pair of driving-wheels, 0, and that on the driving-wheelshaft othere are two gears, one of which is shown at p in Fig. 6, andthat these gears 12 respectively underlie and mesh with the gears a onthe crank-shafts 02. These gears 19 are loosely mounted on thedrivingwheel axle, but are provided with clutch-faces p on thecoincident sides thereof, 011 said wheel-axle, between saidclutch-faces, there is also a sliding clutch, p splined to the axle, andprovided with a shipping-lever, p. The engines being arranged to operatein opposite directions, it is obvious that the gears 12 must looselyrevolve in opposite directions on the drivingavhcel axle, and that bythrowing the clutch in one direction or the other the truck will bemoved forward or backward, as the case may be. In Fig. 7 the twocrankshafts a are broken away near the engines, to disclose theunderlying driving-wheel axle and the clutchin g mechanism.

Brakes of the usual type may be advantageously employed for stopping thetruck, although it is obvious that high speed is not contemplated, andthat the steam-engines, if provided, as contemplated, with reversinggearof the usual character, can be largely relied upon for controlling themovements of the truck. It is obvious that various other wellknownarrangements of gearing may be employed for driving the truck oroperating the drums, and that both lines of service may, if desired, beperformed by one steam-engine instead of two. The trucks, as a rule,should be inclosed by light cabs, preferably of sheetiron, for properlyprotecting the attendants and machinery from the weather. Thesmokestacks should be well screened, and I deem it advisable that theyshould project slightly above the roof of the tramway, through alonglongitudinal opening therein, provided with covers to be used when thetrucks are out of service.

I have already stated that ordinary hoist= ing-buckets may be used inaccordance with V certain features of my invention, as well as such asare filled and discharged automatically; but I have devised a bucket ofthis latter class which is well adapted for handling coal in accordancewith the main features of my invention. Said novel bucket, however,forms no part of my present invention, but is described and claimed in aseparate application for Letters Patent filed by me. I have, however,for the purpose of showing the construction, and also the mode ofoperation of myimproved bucket in connection with the novel hoisting andconveying apparatus herein described, fully illustrated said bucket inFigs. 8 to 11, inclusive, of the drawings.

My novel bucket is constructed in acompletely spherical or globularform, and in such manner as to' permit it to be filled without lia-'bility of dropping any of the coal while being hoisted and conveyed. Asshown in the drawings, the bucket is composed of three half-circularsections, q, each of which is one-thirdof a globular shell, and hingedat its upper end to a tube or neck, a. The lower edges of the sectionsare re-enforced,as heretofore in other forms ofdredging-buckets,byremovablesharpedged knife-plates q, for protectionagainst wear. Said sections are also, as heretofore in other forms ofbuckets, each provided at its lower end with a small roller orfriction-wheel, (f, to protect the planking of a vessel from injury. Toasheave, at r, the several wire cords or chains 1' are connected, eachbeing attached to the interior of abucketsection. The hoisting-line i isrigged through the sheaves within the tubular neck. The bucket-sectionsq are moved on their hinges and opened and closed by the discharginglinei, attached to the opposite sides of a runner or ring, 8, the lattersliding on the neck 1", and connected by pivots and links 8 to all ofthe bucket-sections. \Vhenever necessary, the bucket, while closed, maybe filled by hand,through an opening provided boiler and the other tothe operation of the hoisting mechanism; and it will be seen that whenthe truck is 'over a vessels hatchway,

the operator has all of the buckets directly beneath his eye at alltimes, thus enabling him to work them safely and to the best possibleadvantage, and with a minimum liability of accident to workmen in thehold of the vessel, and that during the transit of the truck andlowering the buckets for discharging the same critical supervision canalways be had.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Lettels Patent 1. The combination, substantially as hereinbeforedescribed, of an elevated tramway having an overhanging terminusprojecting beyond the front of a dock, a truck mounted on saidtramway,and propelling, hoisting, and lowering mechanism, and buckets mountedupon and carried by said truck and operated by steam from a boilercarried thereon, sub

stantially as described, whereby coal can'be hoisted in said bucketsfrom beneath the terminus, and conveyed to any other portion of saidtramway and deposited beneath it without breakage, as set forth.

2. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore described, of anelevated tramway, a

truck, one or more automatic buckets, a hoisting and a discharging linefor each bucket, and independent hoisting and lowering mechanism foreach of said lines, whereby either or all of the buckets can beautomatically filled, hoisted, and conveyed in a suspended condition bythe truck along the tramway, lowered, and auto- 40 matically discharged,as set forth.

3. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore described, of anelevated tramway, a truck mounted thereon, mechanisn, substantially asdescribed, for hoisting, and lowering 5 a coal-bucket, and buifers formaintaining contact with said bucket while in transit with and suspendedfrom said truck.

ROBERT B. LITTLE. WVitnesses:

\V, S. FIFIELD, HENRY F. ANTHONY.

